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where is the population covariance matrix of the observed variables and is the mean vector of the observed variables, z0= (y0;x0) is the vector of observed variables, is a vector that contains all the intercepts, coefficients, variances, and covariances in the model to estimate, and ( ) and ( ) are the 对于实际操作，可以这样在一定程度上缓解问题 sem (mod,df,optim.method="BFGS",optim.force.converged=T,check.post= F）. Lavaan warning some estimated ov variances are negative . lavaan warning message: some estimated variances are negative . Warning message: In lav_object_post_check(object) : lavaan WARNING: some estimated ov variances are negative This is due to the fact that one of the residual variances .gpa4 is negative (i.e., $\hat{\theta}^{\delta}_{44}=-0.001$); a condition known as a Heywood case. lavaan NOTE: this may be a symptom that the model is not identified. The negative variance message may indicate that some exogenous variables have an estimated covariance matrix that is not positive definite. lavaan warning message: some estimated variances are negative May 26, 2022 ; what did ancient egyptian priests wear; and Sorbom, D. (1984). By default, lavaan will always fix the factor loading of the first indicator to 1. 7m. lavaan warning: some estimated ov variances are negative Indeed, two loadings (std.all) are >1. In my experience, the most . But suppose that you have good reasons to fix all the factor loadings to 1. SEM warning message "WARNING: some estimated lv variances are negative ... When variables in your model have very different variances it can cause some issues in estimation. (only if we did not already warn # for negative variances . I can confirm, multi-group sem in lavaan with ordinal variables only works if every level of the ordinal variables is represented in each group. 2: In lav_object_post_check(object) : lavaan WARNING: some estimated ov variances are negative What does "does not appear to be positive definite mean"? In lav_model_vcov (lavmodel = lavmodel, lavsamplestats = lavsamplestats, : lavaan WARNING: The variance-covariance matrix of the estimated parameters (vcov) does not appear to be positive definite .